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Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus
Brož, Jan ; Kvapil, Milan (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
BROŽ, Jan. Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus. Prague, 2022. 100 pages. Dissertation thesis. Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine. Supervisor Kvapil, Milan. In diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia is defined as a condition that is associated with abnormally low blood glucose levels (≤ 3.9 mmol/l), which puts the body at potential risk. The first part of the work is devoted to the treatment of hypoglycaemia associated with physical activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that standardized moderate-intensity body movement without pre-agreed preventive measures led to hypoglycaemia in all participants. During exercise, the rate of ABG decline ranged from 0.7 mmol/l to 1.7 mmol/l in 10 minutes. During recovery after ingestion of 20 g of carbohydrates, the rate of increase in ABG ranged from 0.6 mmol/l to 1.9 mmol/l in 10 minutes. The amount of glucose administered resulted in recovery from hypoglycaemia in all study participants and maintained glycemia above this level for an additional rest period of 60 minutes after glucose ingestion. The second part of the work was devoted to comparing the characteristics of the results on the one hand of treatment in the same group of patients with type 2...
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Acute complications of diabetes mellitus and it's sequel
Frank, Adrianna Natalie ; Brož, Jan (advisor)
The basis of this thesis is intended to inform the reader about the general complications of acute diabetes mellitus and its consequences. It focuses on the general definitions of the diseases, etiology, morbidity, mortality, pathogenesis of the disease, clinical presentation, treatment, and future developments in hopes of treating the disease. The major focus highlights the differences between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, as well as understanding the complications of diabetic hypoglycemia. The most critical effects of these disorders are also emphasized; cerebral edema, vascular thrombosis, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
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Prevention of complications of 2nd type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Fabianová, Monika ; Eislerová, Iva (advisor) ; Kvasnička, Tomáš (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused at preventing complications in patients with 2nd type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The aim of the final work was to determine complications associated with the basic disease, prevention of complications, patient education and awareness about diabetes and regime measures. Research was conducted in outpatient clinics for diabetics and subjects of research were 100 adult patients with 2nd type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Research conducted on the basis of a questionnaire survey. The theoretical part focused on basic information about diabetes mellitus in particular classification, diagnosis, treatment, complications, prevention and treatment of disease complications. The practical part was focused on patients with diabetes and activity based on the questionnaire the data were analyzed and graphically processed using tables and graphs. The work showed the results of many research deficiencies in patient awareness and proper education. Many patients do not realize the severity of the disease and the consequences of underestimating the preventive measures. Key words: 2nd type diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, hypoglycaemia, diabetic foot, prevention of complications, treatment of diabetes, risk factors, insulin treatment.
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Active lifestyle with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Votroubková, Eliška ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee)
Title: Active lifestyle with type 1 diabetes mellitus Objectives: The aim of my work was to find out whether and how young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus are restricted. The work summarizes the basic knowledge of this disease with respect to the use of movement in curative. Defines rules for physical activity in diabetics. Methods: To obtain the data, I used an anonymous survey, which was attended by 36 respondents aged 3 to 19 years from a diabetic counseling center in Svitavy and from the civic association Cukříci in Ústí nad Orlicí. The survey will provide data on basic physical parameters, the length of the disease, the way of treatment of individual patients and their approach and limitations with respect to physical activities. For most questions, only one answer can be selected as it is mutually exclusive. Individual answers were entered into tables and the data was subsequently processed and presented using graphs. Results: Using a survey I found out that more respondents are inclined to be treated with insulin pens in front of an insulin pump. More than a quarter of the respondents have already experienced hypoglycaemic shock. 16.7% of the respondents do sports at the racing level. There were other issues associated with physical activity, including the value at which individuals no...
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Nursing care about child with glycogen storage disease I. type
ŠŤASTNÍKOVÁ, Hana
Abstract Present Situation: Research investigation deals with nursing care of the child with glycogen storage disease type I., as well as its diagnosis, nutritional management and complications. Glycogen storage disease (GSD) belongs among rare hereditary metabolic disorders. There are several types of GSD, divided into hepatic, myopathic and generalized forms. Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of the disease, the signs and symptoms of which first appear in babies soon after birth. The aim of this thesis was to describe the nursing care of the child with glycogen storage disease type I and identify the problems parents of affected children have to face. Methodology: Quantitative research method was used for empirical part of the thesis. The data collection was carried out through In-depth interviews with paediatric-ward nurses and a mother of the child with GSD type I. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and coded using paper-and-pencil method and finally categorized. The research sample consisted of nine paediatric-ward nurses and the mother taking care of the child with glycogen storage disease type I, also known as Gierke's disease. Selection of the sample was purposive and its size was determined by theoretical saturation of data. Results: Nursing care of children with glycogenosis type I requires regular feedings of a special diet enriched with corn starch substances to maintain the level of glycemia in the physiological range and to avoid dangerous hypoglycaemia. Problems for nursing staff mainly involve the unstable health condition of a child, fluctuating glycemia levels and limited knowledge of the disease. Parents not only worry about potential health complications of their child but they are also concerned about technical problems with feeding aids, poor recognition of hypoglycaemia and the child's mental welfare. The disease presents increased physical and emotional demands on the patient and their family. Conclusions and recommendations for practice: The thesis presents an outlook on the issue of paediatric-ward nursing care of the child with glycogen storage disease type I and indicates the common problems of the family with a child affected by the disease. The effort was to thoroughly understand the nature of the disease and to identify basic nursing care procedures which can benefit nurses in other facilities dealing with the same diagnosis. The results of the research will be presented in the magazine "Pediatrie pro praxi" in the nursing section.
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Acute Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Pošustová, Kristýna ; Malá, Michaela (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Acute Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Objectives: The main aim of my thesis was to gather information from a group of young diabetics, suffering from type 1 Diabetes mellitus, about acute complications they have suffered. In the research I inquired about occurrence, frequency, the most common causes, symptoms and first aid during the state of the acute complications. Methods: The research method of gathering information was an anonymous questionnaire comprising of 25 closed questions divided into 3 thematic areas. The target group was made up of 40 respondents, at the age between 10 and 26 years, from whom 32 were children and 8 were adults. The questionnaire was distributed in cooperation with The Civil Association of Parents of Children Suffering from Diabetes and Celiac Disease (Diacel) based in Pisek. The collected data are presented using tables and graphs. Results: Based on the collected data I found out that the most common acute complication among the respondents is hypoglycaemia. More than half of the respondents experienced a severe attack of hypoglycaemia at least once in their life. Furthemore, it was found that the respondents not always had a source of sugar on them to stop the progression of hypoglycaemia. None of the cases of hyperglycaemia was so severe that an...
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Prevention of complications of 2nd type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Fabianová, Monika ; Eislerová, Iva (advisor) ; Kvasnička, Tomáš (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused at preventing complications in patients with 2nd type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The aim of the final work was to determine complications associated with the basic disease, prevention of complications, patient education and awareness about diabetes and regime measures. Research was conducted in outpatient clinics for diabetics and subjects of research were 100 adult patients with 2nd type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Research conducted on the basis of a questionnaire survey. The theoretical part focused on basic information about diabetes mellitus in particular classification, diagnosis, treatment, complications, prevention and treatment of disease complications. The practical part was focused on patients with diabetes and activity based on the questionnaire the data were analyzed and graphically processed using tables and graphs. The work showed the results of many research deficiencies in patient awareness and proper education. Many patients do not realize the severity of the disease and the consequences of underestimating the preventive measures. Key words: 2nd type diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, hypoglycaemia, diabetic foot, prevention of complications, treatment of diabetes, risk factors, insulin treatment.
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Acute complications of diabetes mellitus and it's sequel
Frank, Adrianna Natalie ; Brož, Jan (advisor)
The basis of this thesis is intended to inform the reader about the general complications of acute diabetes mellitus and its consequences. It focuses on the general definitions of the diseases, etiology, morbidity, mortality, pathogenesis of the disease, clinical presentation, treatment, and future developments in hopes of treating the disease. The major focus highlights the differences between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, as well as understanding the complications of diabetic hypoglycemia. The most critical effects of these disorders are also emphasized; cerebral edema, vascular thrombosis, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
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Hypoglycaemic conditions requiring rapid arrival of emergency services in South Bohemia
VACKOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis deals with the hypoglycaemic states that is not only a complication for diabetes mellitus disease but there are other diseases such as Adisson's disease or congenital hyperinsulinism. Hypoglycaemia can be for some people life endangered state, mainly if the state is not recognized in time or if an effective therapy is not started. The rapid therapy is crucial and should be started within the first speared symptoms to prevent the state get worse. The thesis acquaints the reader with the major gland's anatomy that influences the glycaemia, then the pancreas and its function and its hormones function. The major hormones are insulin and glucagon. The both hormones have the main influence on the controlling of glycaemia in the body. However, they are not the only ones factors that influence the blood sugar level. In various literature sources, the different glycaemia values can be found. That is the reason why it is difficult to define the level of hypoglycaemic stat. The thesis includes several definitions of the hypoglycaemia that differ according to the physiological values mentioned in various sources. An important part of the thesis is the chapter about the clinical symptoms. In the chapter, most sources concur. The clinical symptoms can be varied, sometimes not enough specified. After a few first vegetative symptoms (unrecognized hypoglycaemia syndrome can missed them), disorders of consciousness from the conscious to the coma usually appears. The coma is a state when a patient does not react on the surrounding. The following chapter describes the process of hypoglycaemic diagnoses. The process is described both in health institutions and during the pre-hospital urgent care where the possibilities are restricted. The care is a necessary part of the state. If the patient is conscious and is able to cooperate, some sweet drink and some chocolate are the best opportunity for the first help. The ideal tool that could be used during the light type of hypoglycaemia is Glukopur. Glukopur is the pure powder glucose that helps to the body that do not have to split disaccharides as within the sweet drinks and bars. Another topic is the dangers of hypoglycaemia. The dangers include the development of dementia that is often connected with hypoglycaemic states, the brain's damage or the dangerous of the heart arrhythmia. The most serious danger that can appear is the death. The thesis describes the summary of medicaments that can cause hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia can appear as a child inherited metabolic disorder or as hyperinsulinism. One of the chapters deals with this topic. The quantitative method data collection was used for the practical part of the thesis. The departures of The Emergency medical service in South Bohemian Region to the hypoglycaemic states during the year 2014 were searched. From the whole set of cases eight of them were randomly chosen and were described case interpretations that show the way of the emergency service intervention within the hypoglycaemic states. The case interpretations depict the patient's state before the arrival of the emergency service, the way of treatment and the patient's state after it. The evaluated indication by health operation centre is depicted in the following section. These indications do not have to be identical to real patient's state. One of the aims of the thesis was to map the most common factors of chosen hypoglycaemic states that were measured according to the NACA scale, grades IV.-VI. The data were gotten by the crew of The Emergency medical service in South Bohemian Region. The next one aim was to map the indications of the health operation centre and the following patient´s state according to the NACA scale.
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